shopping～
现在一般由原形＋～ing构成动词的现在分词，如ask–asking
但在下列情况下，拼写应做相应变化
1) 以不发音的-e结尾的动词，须去掉e再加～ing 如 dance–dancing
但将e去掉读音发生变化时，最后的e就应该保留。如 agree–agreeing
另外，如果e前面是元音时，e也应该保留 如 canoe–canoeing
2) 动词是闭音节的单音节词或是以重读闭音节结尾的多音节动词，末尾只有一个辅音字母时须双写这个辅音字母，再加ing 如sit–sitting
3) 少数几个以ie结尾的动词，须将ie变为y再加ing 如 tie–tying
加ing,重读闭音节就双写最后一个字母，如shop变shopping。
后面加ing但是重读闭音节元音后只有一个辅音的，要双写辅音，如
shop－》shopping
put－putting
开音节的话，如make去e加ing
现在分词（Present Participle）(又称-ing形式、现在进行式) ，是分词的一种，分词又分为现在分词和过去分词，它们都是非限定动词，即在句子里面不能单独充当谓语，但能充当其它的一些成分（定语，表语，补语和状语），并且它们具有动词的性质，所以又是类动词的一种。
一般式doing 一般被动式being done 完成式havingdone 完成被动式having been done 所有否定式都是在－ing前面加not 包括独立主格形式。现在分词的两个基本特点： 1。 在时间上表示动作正在进行。例如： a developing country。
一个发展中的国家， boiling water 沸水， rising sun 冉冉升起的太阳。（试比较： a developed country 一个发达国家， boiled water 白开水， risen sun 升起的太阳） 2。 在语态上表示主动。
例如： the ruling class 统治阶级， the exploiting class 剥削阶级。（试比较： the ruled class 被统治阶级， the exploited class 被剥削阶级）。
就是动词原形后+ing即可构成该动词的“现在分词”，例：动词现在分词dodoingseeseeinghavehavingsitsittingwhipwhipping单词结尾是字母e的，去掉e后加ing（如have）；若单音节最后为辅音字母的要双写该辅音字母后再加ing（如sit）现在分词一般用于进行时，有现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时等，表示在某段时间中（现在的时间、过去某段时间或将来某段时间）正在进行的动作Iamsinginginmyroom.我正在房间内唱歌（现在进行时）Iwassingingat8o’clocklastnight.我昨晚8点在唱歌（过去进行时）Wewillbestudingbiologyfromnextweek.下周起我们会开始上生物课（将来进行时）
动词的现在分词形式，主要用于构成动词的现在进行时，做伴随状语，做定语等。详细讲解如下
通常来说现在分词有下列七种用法
（一）作定语
1. 动词现在分词单独作定语，通常放在所修饰词前。例如：
The sleeping boy is Tom.
2. 现在分词短语作定语放在所修饰词的后面，意思同定语从句差不多。例如 ：
Tell the children playing outside not to make too much noise. = Tell the children who are playing outside not to make too much noise.
3. 现在分词可相当于非限制性定语，常用逗号分开。例如：
Tom, wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill. = Tom, who is wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill.
4. 有时现在分词可以和副词或名词构成复合词作定语。例如：
This is an English-speaking country.
（二）作表语
现在分词作表语多表示主语的特征。如amusing, discouraging, puzzling, refreshing, astonishing, exciting 等。例如：
The story is moving.
（三）现在分词在句中作宾语补足语，这时现在分词和前面的宾语有逻辑上的“主表”关系或“主谓”关系。例如：
We all found his equipment interesting. (主表关系)
I saw Mary going upstairs then. (主谓关系)
（四）作状语
现在分词作状语，其逻辑主语一般是句中的主语，如果不是，需在V-ing 形式前加名词或代词主格作逻辑主语。
1. 作原因状语，相当于原因状语从句。例如：
Being ill, Mary didn’t come to school yesterday.
2. 作时间状语，相当于时间状语从句。例如：
Seeing their teacher coming, the students stopped talking.
如果现在分词表示的动作与谓语表示的动作同时发生，常在现在分词前加上when或while。例如：
While waiting for the plane, I had a long talk with Simon.
3. 作条件状语。
V-ing 形式作条件状语时，相当于一个条件状语从句。例如：
Working harder, you’ll be No. 1 in your class.
4. 作让步状语，相当于让步状语从句。例如：
Weighing almost two hundred jin, the stone was moved by him alone.
5. 作结果状语。例如：
He died, leaving nothing but debts.
6. 作伴随状语或方式状语。例如：
He sat by the roadside, begging.
（五） 现在分词的完成式表示它发生在主句谓语动词表示的动作之前。例如 ：
Having finished his homework, he left the classroom.
（六） 现在分词的被动式
当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，用V-ing 形式的被动式。例如：
The factory being built now is a big one.
（七） 现在分词的否定形式是由“not + 现在分词”构成。例如：
Not having been invited to the party, she had to stay home.
附: 现在分词巩固练习
1. I can’t stand ________ with Jane in the same office. She just refuses ________talking while she was working.
A. working; stopping B. to work; stopping C. working; to stop D. to work; to stop
2. Dont sit there ________nothing. Come and help me with this table.
A. do B. to do C. doing D. and doing
3. The wild flower looked like a soft orange blanket ________the desert.
A. covering B. covered C. cover D. to cover
4. Toms never willing to alter any of his opinions. Its no use ________with him.
A. to argue B. arguing C. argued D. having argued
5. The storm left, ________a lot of damage to this area.
A. caused B. to have caused C. to cause D. having caused
6.________ , the more expensive the camera, the better its quality.
A. General speaking B. Speaking general
C. Generally speaking D. Speaking generally
7. You cant catch me! Jane shouted, ________away.
A. run B. running C. to run D. ran
8. I couldnt do my homework with all that noise________.
A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on
9. He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldnt risk________ the good opportunity.
A. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lost
10.________for many years, the two brothers cant recognize each other.
A. Being separated B. Having separated
C. Having been separated D. To be separated
11. The manager, ________it clear to us that he didn’t agree with us, left the meeting room.
A. who has made B. having made C. made D. making
12. I really can’t understand ________her like that.
A. you treat B. you to treat C. why treat D. you treating
13. Everybody in the village likes Jack because he is good at telling and ________ jokes.
A. turning up B. putting up C. making up D. showing up
14. Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures______ in your mind instead of before your eyes!
A. to form B. form C. forming D. having formed
15. Don’t leave the water ________while you brush your teeth.
A. run B. running C. being run D. to run
16. According to a recent survey, children spend up to 25 hours a week ________ TV.
A. to watch B. to watching C. watching D. watch
17. The man insisted ________a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby.
A. find B. to find C. on finding D. in finding
18. Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time________ the exam.
A. pass B. to pass C. passed D. passing
19. He looked around and caught a man________ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.
A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting
20. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found________ in the kitchen.
A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked
21. The discovery of new evidence led to________.
A. the thief having caught B. catch the thief C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught
22. I couldnt find my key to the car when ________home.
A. leaving B. to leave C. left D. having left
23. Though________ money, his parents managed to send him to university.
A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in
24.________to sunlight for too much time will do harm to ones skin.
A. Exposed B. Having exposed C. Being exposed D. After being exposed
25. I really appreciate________ to relax with you on this nice island.
A. to have had time B. having time C. to have time D. to having time
26. One learns a language by making mistakes and ________ them.
A. correct B. correcting C. corrects D. to correct
27. Mr Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to________ some schools for poor children.
A. set up B. setting up C. have set up D. having set up
28. Sometimes new ideas have to be tested many times before________ .
A. accept fully B. fully accepting C. fully been accepted D. being fully accepted
29.________this, you should have no trouble with the difficult work.
A. Knowing B. If you are knowing C. From knowing D. If you had known
30. Never________ faith in himself, the scientist went on with his research.
A. losing B. to lose C. lose D. to be lost
31.________made her very happy.
A. Her parents will come B. Her parents to come C. Her parents came D. Her parents coming
32. The________ girl was last seen________ near the park.
A. missing; playing B. missing; play
C. missed; play D. missed; to play
33. Tony was very unhappy for________ to the party.
A. having not been invited B. not having invited
C. having not invited D. not having been invited
34. When he was young, he used to go there and watch________ .
A. to repair bikes B. bikes to be repaired
C. bikes being repaired D. repairing bikes
35. After the party, the children were allowed to finish off the________ sandwiches and cakes.
A. remaining B. rest C. leaving D. remained
36. A policeman reported________ an old lady risk________ very fast on the highway.
A. to see; driving B. seeing; driving C. to see; drive D. to see; driven
37. I really appreciate________ to help me, but I am sure that I can manage by myself.
A. your offering B. that you offer C. you to offer D. that you are offering
38. What worried the boy most was________ to go to school.
A. his not allowing B. his not being allowed
C. his being not allowed D. having not been allowed
39. Slowly she opened the letter,________ .
A. her hands slightly trembling B. trembling her hands slightly
C. her hands trembled slightly D. slightly her hands were trembled
40. What do you think of the book?
Oh, excellent. It’s worth________ a second time.
A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. being read
41. It was___ computer games that took the boy a lot of time that he ought to have spent on his lessons.
A. to have played B. playing C. played D. having played
42. The old man told the story in a________ voice and the little girl felt very ________.
A. frightening; frightened B. frightened; frightening
C. frightening; frightening D. frightened; frightened
43. How many of us_______ , say, a meeting that has nothing to with us is not important at all.
A. to attend B. attending C. have attend D. attend
44. Did you tell her the news?
No, of course not.
But________ from what she said, she must have known about it.
A. judge B. judged C. being judged D. judging
45. He sat________ to her________ the stairs.
A. to listen; to climb B. to listen; climb C. listening; climb D. listening; to climb
46.________of danger in the street at night, she had to go home, with a friend________ her.
A. Warned; followed B. Warning; following
C. Having warned; following D. Having been warned; followed
47.________full preparations, we decided to put off the meeting till next week.
A. Not being made B. Having not made
C. Making not D. Not having made
48.________to give up smoking, he threw away his________ cigarettes.
A. Determined; remained B. Determined; remaining
C. Determining; remained D. Determining; remaining
49. Have you forgotten________ a ruler from Betty? Please remember________ it to her tomorrow.
A. borrowing; to return B. borrowing; returning
C. to borrow; to return D. to borrow; returning
50. We didnt find the Blacks________ the lecture.
No one had told them about________ a lecture the following day.
A. attended; there to be B. attending; there being
C. attend; there was D. to attend; there be