原发布者:玲达16
一、关系代词和关系的区别1、关系代词（that,who,whom,whose,which）所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、等成分关系副词。例1.Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?（who/that在中作主语，指人）例2.Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.（whom/that在从句中作宾语，指人）例3.Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.（whose在句中作定语，指人）例4.Pleasepassmethebookwhosecoverisgreen.（whose在句中作定语，指物。）2、关系副词（when,where,why,）可代替的先行词是时间、地点或原因的名词，在从句中作状语。关系副词when,where,why的含义相当于”介词+which”结构，因此常常和”介词+which”结构交替使用。例5.Beijingistheplacewhere(inwhich)Iwasborn. 例6.Isthisthereasonwhy(forwhich)herefusedouroffer? 例7.Hisfatherdiedtheyear(when/inwhich)hewasborn. 例8.Hecan’tfindtheplace(where/inwhich)helivedfortyyearsago.二、判断用关系代词和关系副词用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。缺少宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；不缺成分（作状语）用关系副词。（判断对错）1.ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIvisitedlastyear.2.IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIspentinthecountryside.例9.Thisist
此句中that作定语从句的主语，不能省略。that引导定语从句时，是关系代词，可以作主语、宾语，作宾语是可以省略。例如
This is the factory (that) we visited last year.这就是我们去年参观过的那家工厂。此句中，that在定语从句中作谓语动词visit的宾语，可以省略。
定语从句中关系副词有三个：when,where,why.在定语从句中作状语，分别表示时间、地点、原因。每个关系副词都相当于一个介词加上一个关系代词which，即when=in/at/on+which,where=in/at/on+which,why=for+which.至于介词的选择，是由先行词决定的，也就是由定语从句所修饰的那个名词所决定的。例如
1）I‘ll never forget the day when I met you for the first time.我永远不会忘记我第一次遇见你的那一天。此句中when=on which=on the day. the day 是先行词，必须用介词on.
2)This is the factory where I work.这就是我工作的工厂。此句中where=in+which=in the factory
先行词是the factory
3) I know the reason why he was late.我知道他迟到的原因。其中why=for which=for the reason
先行词是the reason
关系副词引导的定语从句
1. when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语
(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.
(2) The time when we got together finally came.2. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语
(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.
(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
3. why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语
(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.
(2) I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.
注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换
(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,
(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.
(3) Great changes have taken place in the city in which./where I was born.
判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
I’ll never forget the days when I worked together with you.
判断改错（注：先显示题，再显示答案，横线；用不同的颜色表示出。）
（错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
（错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
（对） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
（对） I’ll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。
方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one答案：
例1 D，例2 A
例1变为肯定句： This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.例2变为肯定句： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.
在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。
而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。
关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose)；
先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语) 。
如果大大想巩固更多关于定语从句,可以去百科看看:/view/56536.htm#8